Topp, Michael James (2014) LiDAR data for DEM generation and flood plain mapping. [USQ Project]
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Abstract
On Monday 10 January 2011, a 1 in 100 year storm cell quickly developed over the Toowoomba city dumping intensive rain in a short period of time in the Gowrie Creek catchment (ICA, 2011). This caused extensive flash flooding over the entire catchment including West Creek before destroying the central business district and causing loss of life. To ensure that damage is reduced and lives are saved in the future, areas requiring mitigation need to be identified. To identify these areas characteristic analysis, slope analysis, flood plain mapping and hydrological modelling can be utilised.
To complete this highly accurate Digital Elevation models (DEM) generated from Airborne Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data can be utilised. LiDAR is a surveying technology that can collect large amounts of accurate data compared to traditional survey methods. Stream networks and catchment boundaries were generated utilising Arc Hydro at multiple different thresholds.
Slope analysis was also completely highlighting the flood plain and the possible effects of urbanisation. Hydrological modelling using the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) also showed extensive velocities and volumes with assumptions. These results showed that West Creek had extensive problems with urbanisation throughout the catchment. It also highlighted the issues with West Creek and East Creek meeting and the inability of the system to handle both creeks flood waters once they merge. To proactively mitigate floods analysis should be completed before floods occur and using the worst case flood data.
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